Burial Methods: The Twelve Inverted-Staff Techniques
葬法倒杖·倒杖十二法
Burial Methods: The Twelve Inverted-Staff Techniques
葬法倒杖·倒杖十二法
The Following Staff
順杖
脈緩中落用順杖以正受,謂之撞。穴如龍勢軟活,脈情逶迤,不藉饒減。湊脈葬吞,陽來陰受,陰來陽提,直奔直送是也。要下砂逆關前案,特朝胎水,交結於前,大小橫過鎖斷,作福必大。然不可以棺頭正頂其氣,恐氣沖腦散。
When the vein descends gently through the center, use the Following Staff for a direct reception — this is called 'collision.' The acupoint follows a dragon whose momentum is soft and supple, whose vein-feeling winds and turns, requiring no adjustment by adding or subtracting. Approach the vein and bury by swallowing: when yang comes, receive with yin; when yin comes, lift with yang — straight rush and straight escort. The lower sand must form a reverse barrier, with a special audience peak, embryonic water, and crossing-knot before it — large and small transverse barriers locking and cutting across. The fortune produced will be great. However, the coffin-head must not be positioned directly atop the qi's apex, lest the qi surge into the brain and scatter.
The 'Inverted Staff' (倒杖) technique is the core practical method of Form School feng shui for setting the coffin's exact position and orientation within the acupoint. The staff is literally planted upside-down as a marker to establish the alignment between the incoming qi-vein and the coffin placement.
'Adding or subtracting' (饒減 ráojiǎn): A technical adjustment where the coffin is shifted slightly left or right from the vein's centerline to balance yin and yang forces. 'Adding' (饒) means shifting toward the weaker side to reinforce it; 'subtracting' (減) means retreating from the stronger side to avoid excess.
The Contrary Staff
逆杖
脈急中沖用逆杖,以旁求龍之倚穴,如龍勢雄強,氣脈急硬,饒減轉跌。避煞葬吐,拂耳枕臂,挫急歸緩,斜倚直倚是也。要眾山拱固,眾水交結,明堂平正,四獸鹹備,作福甚速。
When the vein rushes urgently through the center, use the Contrary Staff — seeking the dragon's leaning-acupoint from the side. When the dragon's momentum is fierce and strong, the qi-vein urgent and hard, one must adjust by adding, subtracting, turning, and dropping. Avoid the killing-force by burying with an ejecting posture: brush the ear and rest on the arm, convert urgency to gentleness — leaning diagonally or leaning straight. The surrounding mountains must arch and hold firm, multiple waters must cross and knot, the bright hall must be level and correct, and all four beasts must be present. Fortune arrives very quickly.
'Brush the ear and rest on the arm' (拂耳枕臂): A vivid description of the coffin's position when using the Contrary Staff — placed at an angle to the incoming vein, as if the coffin were resting its head on the dragon's arm while its ear brushes against the vein. This deflects the overly powerful qi so it does not strike the coffin directly.
The Retracting Staff
縮杖
脈甚急,就頂蓋曰縮,有如柱劍之聚環頭者,謂之降煞穴、坐煞穴、寒桶漏穴是也。如四山高峻環抱,本山低纏而脈短,打開百會湊緊蓋,送拂頂鬥脈葬之,使之乘氣。要四獸全備,並不孤露,主後跌斷復起,穴前明堂又有一泓真水者方結,否則粗氣未脫,八風交吹。
When the vein is extremely urgent, cap it at the summit — this is called 'retracting.' Like the gathering ring-pommel of a standing sword, this is known as 'descending-killing acupoint,' 'sitting-killing acupoint,' or 'cold-bucket leaking acupoint.' When the four surrounding mountains are high, steep, and embracing, while the host mountain's wrapping is low and the vein is short — one opens the crown-point (百會), approaches tightly with a cap, escorts and brushes the summit, and fights the vein to bury, enabling it to ride the qi. All four beasts must be fully present with no exposure. The rear must have a severed drop that rises again; the acupoint's front bright hall must have a pool of true water for the formation to crystallize. Otherwise, the coarse qi has not been shed, and winds from eight directions blow through.
'Crown-point' (百會 bǎihuì): Borrowed from acupuncture terminology — the point at the very top of the skull where all meridians converge. In feng shui, it refers to the topmost point of the acupoint formation where the vein enters.
The Separating Staff
離杖
脈甚急就龍虛粘曰離,有如懸筆之垂珠滴者,謂之脫煞穴、拋穴、接穴、大陽影光穴,懸棺長鬣封是也。如龍雄勢猛,卸落平洋,結成盤珠,鋪氈展席,遙對來脈,壘土浮□,高大為墳,便知聚氣須用客土堆成,要有微窩靨或草蛇灰線者方結,否則旺氣未平,必主災禍。
When the vein is extremely urgent, adhere to the dragon's void emptily — this is called 'separating.' Like a hanging brush from which a pearl drips, it is known as the 'shedding-killing acupoint,' 'casting acupoint,' 'receiving acupoint,' 'great-yang shadow-light acupoint,' or the 'suspended coffin with mane-mound burial.' When the dragon's might is fierce and forceful, it drops down onto level ground, forming a coiled pearl — spreading felt, laying out mats — facing the incoming vein from a distance. Earth is heaped and floated [...], built high and large as a mound. One must understand that gathering qi requires imported earth piled up. There must be a subtle dimple or depression, or the telltale 'grass-snake, ash-line' trace for the formation to crystallize. Otherwise, the vigorous qi has not settled, and disaster is certain.
'Grass-snake, ash-line' (草蛇灰線): A nearly invisible trace on flat ground where underground qi flows — like the track a snake leaves in grass or a thin line drawn in ash. This is the critical diagnostic sign for locating acupoints on level terrain where the vein is hidden.
'Imported earth' (客土 kètǔ): Soil brought from elsewhere to build up the burial mound. In the Separating Staff technique, because the acupoint is on flat ground away from the dragon's main body, the mound must be artificially constructed to concentrate qi.
The Submerging Staff through the Trespassing Staff
沒杖至犯杖
形俯面飽用沒杖。如肥乳頑金,氣脈微茫,乘其所止,開金取水,闊理臺道,端正沉葬,謂之葬煞穴,卻不可錯認頑硬天罡以誤人。 形仰口小用穿杖。如瘦體削木,氣脈淺促,串其所來。取宛宛之中,鑿孔穿入,側撞斜插,橫撞深插,謂之被煞穴,卻不可錯認欹斜掃蕩以誤人。 山長橫體用鬥杖。如鬥斧眼,然龍勢延袤,借堂收納,於後樂端正之中,前朝登對之所,貫腰架折,貼脊實倚,重插、深插,謂之馭煞,而拿扯牽弓,腕藍扳鞍之穴是也。 山長直體用截杖。如騎馬脊,然氣脈不住,直卸前去,於稍停弱緩之處,四證有情之所,求覓微窩,隨脈騎截,依法造作,謂之欄煞,即直截橫截,騎龍斬關之穴是也。 上剛下柔,就剛柔交接處對脈中扡,故曰對。蓋居高則峻急,處卑則微軟,乃於高低相代之所,幹濕暫判之間,平分緩急,剛柔相濟,中正對撞,隨勢裁成,使其得宜,謂之中聚撞穴。 勢強脈急,就山麓低緩處頂脈實粘,故曰綴。當脈則大鬥,脫脈則犯冷。乃於息氣已脫之前,勁氣既闌之後,稍離三尺,緩其悍急,使其沖和,謂之脫煞粘穴。 饒龍減虎,犯過脈中,如侵境相犯之犯,即棄死挨生,外趨堂氣者是也,此多乳突結。
SUBMERGING STAFF: When the form bows forward and the face is full, use the Submerging Staff. For plump nipple-formations and stubborn metal-shapes where the qi-vein is faint and dim — ride where it halts, open the metal to extract water, broadly arrange the terrace-path, and bury correctly by sinking deep. This is the 'burying-killing acupoint.' But do not mistakenly identify an obstinate, hard Heavenly Destroyer formation — that would mislead people. PIERCING STAFF: When the form faces upward with a small opening, use the Piercing Staff. For lean, pared-down wood-shapes where the qi-vein is shallow and short — thread along where it comes. Find the gentle center, bore a hole and pierce through — side-collision, diagonal insertion, transverse collision, deep insertion. This is the 'struck-by-killing acupoint.' But do not mistakenly identify a tilted, sweeping formation — that would mislead people. FIGHTING STAFF: For mountains that are long and oriented horizontally, use the Fighting Staff. Like the eye of an axe-head — the dragon's momentum extends broadly. Borrow the hall's embrace; within the correct rear-joy alignment and the front audience-pairing position, pierce through the waist and frame the fold. Press against the spine and lean solidly — double insertion, deep insertion. This is called 'mastering the killing-force,' and includes the Grasping-and-Pulling, Bow-Drawing, Wrist-Basket, and Saddle-Mounting acupoints. INTERCEPTING STAFF: For mountains that are long and oriented straight, use the Intercepting Staff. Like riding a horse's spine — the qi-vein does not halt but sheds straight forward. At the place where it slightly pauses, weakens, and slows, where the four confirmatory features show feeling, seek a subtle dimple. Ride the vein and intercept it, constructing according to method. This is called 'fencing the killing-force' — direct interception, transverse interception, riding-the-dragon, and barrier-severing acupoints. OPPOSING STAFF: Hard above and soft below — at the junction of hard and soft, plant directly into the vein's center, hence 'opposing.' High ground is steep and urgent; low ground is faint and soft. At the transition from high to low, the brief boundary between dry and wet — equally distributing gentle and urgent, balancing hard and soft, striking centrally and directly, shaping to fit the momentum. This is the 'centrally-gathered collision acupoint.' ATTACHING STAFF: When momentum is strong and the vein urgent, adhere solidly to the vein at the low, gentle base of the mountain, hence 'attaching.' Directly on the vein means a fierce fight; separated from the vein invites cold qi. Therefore, just before the resting-breath has separated and just after the vigorous qi has faded, withdraw about three feet to soften the ferocity and achieve harmonious balance. This is the 'shedding-killing adhesion acupoint.' TRESPASSING STAFF: Add to the dragon, subtract from the tiger — trespassing across the vein's center, as in 'trespassing across a border.' This means abandoning the dead side and pressing toward the living side, reaching outward toward the hall's qi. This type mostly produces nipple-and-protrusion formations.
These seven techniques (Submerging through Trespassing) complete the twelve Inverted Staff methods along with the first four (Following, Contrary, Retracting, Separating) and one implied method. Together they form the most practical and specific set of instructions in classical feng shui for coffin placement — each technique addresses a different type of terrain momentum and vein behavior.
The 'four confirmatory features' (四證): The four landscape features that must be present and showing 'feeling' (情, meaning oriented toward the acupoint) to confirm a true site: the fronting mountain (朝), the backing mountain (樂), and the dragon and tiger flanks.
'Add to the dragon, subtract from the tiger' (饒龍減虎): A fundamental coffin-positioning rule. When the left (dragon) side is weaker, shift the coffin slightly leftward to reinforce it; when the right (tiger) side is too strong, retreat from it. The Trespassing Staff takes this further by deliberately crossing the vein's center.
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