Burial Methods: Twenty-Four Sand Burial Techniques
葬法倒杖·二十四砂葬法
Burial Methods: Twenty-Four Sand Burial Techniques
葬法倒杖·二十四砂葬法
General Principles
總論
夫觀龍觀其起,明穴明其止。起乃動而生,止乃靜而死,死處又尋生,是名曰生氣。故一察其微,乃盡其大旨。象其物而取其事,順其情而取其理,推分合以定淺深,明饒減以存克制。倚撞蓋粘,體勢情意,差之毫厘,謬以千里。
To observe a dragon, observe where it arises; to understand an acupoint, understand where it halts. Arising is movement giving birth; halting is stillness and death. Yet in the dead place one seeks life again — this is what is meant by 'vital breath.' Thus by examining the subtleties, one exhausts the great principles. Symbolize the object and derive the method; follow the feeling and derive the principle. Deduce the divisions and convergences to determine depth; clarify the adding and subtracting to maintain control. Leaning, collision, capping, adhesion — in body, momentum, feeling, and intention, an error of a hairsbreadth leads to a deviation of a thousand miles.
The twenty-four sand burial methods (二十四砂葬法) are specific acupoint-setting techniques named by analogy with everyday actions and objects. Each addresses a distinct terrain configuration. 'Sand' (砂) in feng shui refers to surrounding landscape features — mountains, ridges, and slopes — that frame the acupoint.
'Leaning, collision, capping, adhesion' (倚撞蓋粘): The four fundamental acupoint-entry postures. Leaning (倚) places the coffin at an angle; collision (撞) drives it directly into the vein; capping (蓋) sets it atop the vein's summit; adhesion (粘) attaches it to the vein's surface below.
First Twelve Methods: Carrying an Umbrella through Carrying a Valley
前十二法:擔傘至擔凹
〇擔傘 來龍急氣,脈直沖中,無乳氣穴粘右邊,側受倚其後,托左臂長而明堂寬展,如人之擔傘勢也。宜淺開金井,若太深必傷,宜培加客土,填實於塋,必主富貴綿遠。 〇正葬 來龍三四節結,穴勢既不峻急而纏護,又齊整坐下,金魚環會,堂氣分明。宜扡正穴,開井放棺,接取真氣,墳培高壘,向對中應為的。半紀之間,富貴雙全。 〇打開 太陽頑金無紋浪,須打開深壙作窩,約取中堂。金魚會處,定穴懸棺而葬,取中小溫潤氣,謂開金取水,發須遲而綿遠不敗。 〇懸棺 來龍脈急而無緩,有分有合,穴結深泥,打開實處而見實土,並內用磚石結起巨壙,豎四石柱於壙內,懸棺而下。壙前相接金池,放三吉之水,去壘土成墳,以接生氣。 〇壘墳 來龍有蓋有座,上急下緩,為之墜脈,所以平地生突,突中有石,不可用工掘鑿,似借外城,淺開金井,浮土正葬,壘土成墳,先富後貴之地也。 〇大小剜藍 來龍有情,頭高而穴偏,或側臂頓起圓金,到頭入手,有鼠肉受穴,水星外應,有金水相生之義,為大腕偏受。一伏再頓小金,有迎堂顧祖之意,為小剜正受。 〇馬鬣封 來龍高岡有窟,窟中有突,突頂正葬,須從穴前挖開,下面吞進,突下安穴。不可深開鉗壙,金骨淺安井內,否則卓棺為吉。葬後培墳,如舊土不動,馬鬣之封微露,不可用磚石結砌,侵損其突。 〇回龍顧祖 龍勢急硬,過關峽生鈎轉回,脈從回面結,顧祖迎堂,宗族皆轉。朝揖玄微,不必拘於真與不真。穴宜高遷,深開金井,謂之黃金登水,墓登砂是也。 〇騎龍 龍神盡處有突兀之結,案迫前砂而穴露,其氣不聚,後龍壘來,草蛇灰線,過脈分明,穴須退後高扡,取騎龍下,深井放棺,填補明堂,以全造化也。 〇拿扯 來龍峻急入穴,須有情而堂氣迫狹,外山外水左右交結,橫觀外堂,寬展氣脈,側受穴用,提起扡之。開井不淺不深,酌中裁剪,容土培就,貼身雌雄,扯後拿前。葬過一紀,世出富豪特達之士也。 〇停驛 來龍高岡脈緊,穴情似有似無,登□□望龍,方明端的。巒頭須金水帳脫下平中小結,入首有鋪茵停車駐馬之驛也。十字之中,深開金井,高砌墳成,依法裁剪,自有妙理。 〇鬥斧 直龍枕險又無纏護,左右前後卻有鬼曜,翻身橫作,連山取水,以接生氣,情如鬥斧拱揖。前朝不許,時師妄為測度,蓋出勢直來橫受,故知之難也。
CARRYING AN UMBRELLA: The incoming dragon has urgent qi, the vein rushing straight through the center. Without a nipple-formation, the qi-acupoint adheres to the right side, receiving laterally and leaning against the rear. The left arm extends long while the bright hall opens wide — like a person carrying an umbrella. One should open the gold-well shallowly; too deep will cause harm. Imported earth should be added to fill the burial ground solidly. This will assuredly produce lasting wealth and nobility. CORRECT BURIAL: The incoming dragon crystallizes after three or four nodes. The acupoint's momentum is neither steep nor urgent, with wrapping and protection well-ordered on all sides. The goldfish waters converge in a ring; the hall-qi is clear. One should set a correct acupoint, open the well, and place the coffin to receive the true qi. The mound should be heaped high, oriented toward the central response. Within half a cycle, both wealth and nobility are complete. OPENING: A stubborn Great Yang metal-form without texture or waves — one must open a deep pit to create a nest, approximately centered on the main hall. Where the goldfish waters converge, set the acupoint and bury with a suspended coffin, extracting the small, warm, moist qi from the center. This is called 'opening metal to extract water.' Development will be slow but enduring, without decline. SUSPENDED COFFIN: The incoming dragon-vein is urgent without respite, yet has divisions and convergences. The acupoint forms in deep mud. Open to the solid ground and upon finding solid earth, construct a large pit-chamber inside with brick and stone. Erect four stone pillars within the chamber and suspend the coffin downward. Before the chamber, connect to a gold-pool, releasing the water of the three auspicious directions. Then heap earth to form the mound, thereby connecting to the vital breath. HEAPED MOUND: The incoming dragon has both a cap and a seat — urgent above, gentle below — a 'falling vein.' Therefore on level ground a protrusion arises, with stone inside the protrusion that cannot be excavated. As if borrowing the outer city-walls, open the gold-well shallowly, bury correctly with surface earth, and heap earth into a mound. This is land that first brings wealth, then nobility. LARGE AND SMALL BASKET-SCOOPING: The incoming dragon has feeling, with the head high but the acupoint offset. A lateral arm suddenly rises as a round metal-form. At the head's entry-point, there is mouse-flesh receiving the acupoint, with a water-star responding externally — the principle of metal-and-water generating each other. This is the 'large wrist' receiving obliquely. One more descent then another small metal-form rising, with the intention of welcoming the hall and honoring the ancestor — this is the 'small scoop' receiving correctly. HORSE-MANE SEAL: The incoming dragon's high ridge has a cavity, within the cavity a protrusion. Bury correctly at the protrusion's summit. One must excavate from in front of the acupoint, swallowing inward below, and set the acupoint beneath the protrusion. Do not open a deep pincer-pit — set the golden bones shallowly in the well. Otherwise, an upright coffin is auspicious. After burial, heap the mound. The original earth should remain undisturbed, with the horse-mane seal barely exposed. Do not construct brick or stone masonry that would damage the protrusion. TURNING DRAGON HONORING THE ANCESTOR: The dragon's momentum is urgent and hard. Passing through a barrier-gorge, it generates a hook and turns back. The vein crystallizes from the turned face, honoring the ancestor and welcoming the hall — the entire clan turns with it. It pays audience to the subtle and profound; do not insist on distinguishing true from false. The acupoint should be elevated, with the gold-well opened deep. This is called 'gold ascending to water; the tomb ascending to sand.' RIDING THE DRAGON: At the dragon-spirit's terminal point there is an abrupt, jutting formation. The fronting case presses against the forward sand and the acupoint is exposed — its qi does not gather. The rear dragon accumulates in layers; the grass-snake ash-line and crossing-vein are clearly visible. The acupoint must be set by retreating rearward and planting high. Ride down atop the dragon, sink a deep well to place the coffin, and fill in the bright hall to complete the creative transformation. GRASPING AND PULLING: The incoming dragon descends steeply and urgently into the acupoint. There must be feeling, though the hall-qi is pressed and narrow. External mountains and external waters cross-knot on left and right. Viewing the outer hall laterally reveals a broad and expansive qi-vein. Receive the acupoint laterally, lifting it into position. Open the well neither too shallow nor too deep — carefully calibrate the tailoring. Heap earth for cultivation, with male and female pressed close to the body — pulling the rear and grasping the front. After burial for one cycle, the family will produce wealthy and outstanding men generation after generation. POST-STATION REST: The incoming dragon follows a high ridge with a tight vein. The acupoint's presence seems both to exist and not exist. One must ascend [...] to view the dragon before the true configuration becomes clear. The peak must shed its metal-water curtain and descend to a small formation in the middle of level ground. The entry-point has the quality of spreading cushions, halting carriages, and resting horses — a post-station. Open the gold-well deep at the crossing-point center, build the mound high in masonry, and tailor according to method — the wonderful principle will manifest of itself. AXE-FIGHTING: A straight dragon rests against danger with no wrapping or protection. Yet on left, right, front, and back there are ghost-and-luminary formations. The dragon flips its body and works laterally, linking mountains and gathering water to receive vital breath — the feeling is like axes raised in mutual salute. The forward audience-peak refuses approach. Contemporary masters recklessly attempt to measure this, but because the momentum comes straight while the reception is horizontal, it is inherently difficult to comprehend.
The twenty-four sand burial methods are named by analogy with vivid everyday images: carrying an umbrella, horse-mane seals, riding a dragon, post-station resting, axe-fighting, and so on. Each name captures the spatial relationship between the coffin, the incoming vein, and the surrounding landscape features.
'Gold-well' (金井 jīnjǐng): The burial pit itself. The term derives from the idea that the pit accesses the 'metal' (金) element within the earth, which generates the water (and thus vital breath) that nourishes descendants.
'Horse-mane seal' (馬鬣封 mǎliè fēng): A low, elongated burial mound shaped like a horse's mane — barely rising above the natural ground. This conservative mound shape is used when the natural terrain formation must not be disturbed.
Last Twelve Methods: Carrying a Valley through Drawing a Bow
後十二法:擔凹至牽弓
〇擔凹 來龍橫過轉跌降脈,穴情有若蜂腰之勢,合天財兩頭金樣,後有正托,樂於仰掌中直扡。開井不用太深,吞棺三分之一,太深則反傷穴也。前關住堂氣不泄,發福永久,若砂水真去為兇,此天財相似也。 〇抱兒 來龍上急下緩,雌雄交度,堂氣分明,應案秀出,龍虎面前迫逼扡穴可要上穿龍虎腰,下取交合水,橫抱如人抱兒之狀也。 〇吞下 其來龍勢直落斜,擺屈睜受,穴法宜吞入,開井以聚真氣,後應其樂,前迎其朝,此乃大富不絕佳城也。穴情雖高,葬於前面,再立一虛塤,名吞下,須要有應托為吉。 〇吐葬 來龍降勢,狀若草露流珠之情,為吐息露珠,侵損則真氣散矣。只可粘蹤,小開金井,低壘磚城。若水不流泥,前有秀應,必為巨富貴之地。 〇浮葬 其來龍入手,情勢低平,夾輔高出,穴中必有曲窠,藏其真氣,四水不拂,八風不吹,宜淺開金井,正放其棺,法不待饒。用客土添培,厚築其墓,使暖氣相接,真脈沖融,則富貴立至。 〇沉葬 來龍情高護矮,降氣必然深入,聚氣朝應有情,關闌未甚周密,其穴打低平下夾輔方為是法。開井吞棺三分之一,四旁築實,可免八風動搖之病,真為綿遠之地也。 〇牽牛 土星行龍結穴,入首頓起兩頂,左右之山伸出二臂,交度重聳。朝迎有情,兩般行度,深淺高低,依法宜開成方,金井放棺,借取兩傍,應樂分肩合腳,如土牛之合牽也。陰陽妙理,人罕識之,一突情可兩穴,如麒麟頭上品字是也。 〇就飽 來龍氣緩,雖結珠塊坡穴,大小不均,小面有牙爪緊密,不成局段。大邊飽滿而有分合,玄微可就。飽處而扡之,廣開金井,深入其棺,墳城小壘,裨補小邊。取堂氣坦夷,雖曰就飽而不飽也。 〇傷饑 龍來過脈,節節分明,蓋下有金,金下有橫土,似上非上,中有灣凹或曲池,不淺不深,庸術狐疑必矣。茍有賓主相投,穴雖有病,葬亦有法:貼脊扡之,小井納棺,築後培前,以補造化,雖曰傷饑而不饑也。 〇撞穴 來龍情峻,堂淺坐下,去水撮腳,牽飛到此,多生疑竇。情勢可取,須別立法度,開鉗廣撞入吞棺而下撞穴,蹲而視之,只見外堂寬展,外砂周密,避兇就兇,假也靈塋。 〇插木生芽 來龍直木插下亦謂之玄武嘴長。縱有正佐,切不可扡,當頭盡脈,一扡則敗,絕其中停,必有節木。須於肥厚處開井放棺,挑饒三分,自有生芽之意,仍須客土培實端正,則根本固而枝葉榮矣。 〇牽弓 來龍頂欹轉凹,側尋肥突放送取龍左右臂灣環,有如牽弓發箭之勢,中應分明,於鼠肉處開淺井放棺,有若靶搭正箭,力能遠發,應居兩旁,棺頭必合,棺腳必分,借倚護弦之力。極為至理,務要前案,灣如張弓方吉,反弓便兇。
CARRYING A VALLEY: The incoming dragon crosses horizontally, turning and dropping its vein. The acupoint-feeling has the quality of a bee-waist formation, matching the Heavenly Wealth double-headed metal pattern. With a correct support behind, plant directly in the center of the upturned palm. Do not open the well too deep — let the coffin be swallowed one-third down. Too deep will injure the acupoint. If the front barrier contains the hall-qi without leakage, fortune will last forever. But if the sand and water truly depart, it is inauspicious. HOLDING A CHILD: The incoming dragon is urgent above and gentle below, with male and female crossing each other. The hall-qi is clear, the responding case rises elegantly. Dragon and tiger press close before you. To set the acupoint: above, pierce through the dragon-tiger waist; below, capture the converging water. Embrace horizontally — like a person holding a child. SWALLOWING DOWNWARD: The incoming dragon's momentum falls straight then slants, swaying and bending in reception. The acupoint method should swallow inward, opening the well to gather true qi. The rear responds with its joy-peak; the front welcomes its audience. This is a magnificent city of inexhaustible great wealth. Though the acupoint-feeling is high, bury on the forward side and additionally erect an empty mound — this is called 'Swallowing Downward.' There must be a responding support for it to be auspicious. EJECTING BURIAL: The incoming dragon descends in a posture like dewdrops flowing on grass — breathing out pearls. Any intrusion will scatter the true qi. One can only adhere along the trace, opening a small gold-well, building a low brick mound-wall. If the water does not flow into mud and there is an elegant response ahead, it is assuredly land of great wealth and nobility. FLOATING BURIAL: The incoming dragon enters at hand with a low, level disposition. The flanking supports rise above. Within the acupoint there must be a curved nest concealing true qi — four waters do not disturb it, eight winds do not blow on it. Open the gold-well shallowly and place the coffin correctly; the method requires no adjustment. Add imported earth for cultivation, building the tomb thickly, so that warm qi connects and the true vein flows in fusion — then wealth and nobility arrive immediately. SINKING BURIAL: The incoming dragon has high sentiment but low protection. The descending qi necessarily penetrates deep. The gathered qi's audience-response has feeling, but the barriers are not yet fully sealed. The acupoint should be driven low and level so the flanking supports become the correct framework. Open the well to swallow one-third of the coffin; tamp solidly on all four sides to prevent the affliction of eight winds shaking. This is truly land of enduring generations. LEADING THE OX: An Earth Star dragon crystallizes at the acupoint. At the entry-point, two summits suddenly rise. The left and right mountains extend two arms, crossing each other with repeated elevations. The audience-greeting has feeling. Two modes of travel, at varying depths and heights — according to method, open a square gold-well and place the coffin, borrowing from both sides. The responding joy-peak divides the shoulders and joins the feet — like leading an earth-ox by its tether. The subtle principle of yin and yang — few people understand it. One protrusion's feeling can yield two acupoints, like the triangle atop a qilin's head. SEEKING FULLNESS: The incoming dragon's qi is gentle. Though it crystallizes a pearl-block or slope-acupoint, large and small are uneven. The small face has tight claws and teeth but does not form a proper configuration. The large side is full and plump with divisions and convergences — the profound and subtle can be pursued there. Set the acupoint at the full place, opening a wide gold-well with the coffin sinking deep. Build the mound-wall small, supplementing the small side. Capture the hall-qi's level expanse — though called 'seeking fullness,' it achieves balance. WOUNDED HUNGER: The dragon arrives, crossing veins with node after node clearly visible. Below the cap there is metal; below the metal there is horizontal earth. It seems like an acupoint but is not quite. In the center there is a curved depression or a winding pool — neither shallow nor deep. Mediocre practitioners will certainly have doubts. But if host and guest are mutually compatible, then though the acupoint has flaws, burial has its method: plant against the spine, sink a small well to receive the coffin, build up the rear and cultivate the front to supplement creation's work. Though called 'wounded hunger,' it does not hunger. COLLISION ACUPOINT: The incoming dragon has steep feeling. The hall is shallow below the seat. The departing water pinches at the feet, dragging and flying to this place — many doubts arise. The feeling and momentum can be taken, but one must establish a different standard: open the pincer wide, collide broadly inward, swallow the coffin and drive it down into the collision-acupoint. Crouch and observe — one sees only the outer hall broad and expansive, the outer sand thorough and sealed. Avoid the inauspicious to embrace the inauspicious — even a false site becomes a spiritual burial ground. PLANTING WOOD TO SPROUT: The incoming dragon descends straight like planted wood — also called a 'long Dark Warrior beak.' Even if there are proper flanking supports, one absolutely must not plant at the head's end-of-vein — one planting means failure. Interrupt at the mid-rest; there must be a knotted-wood formation. Open the well at the thick and plump place, placing the coffin with three parts offset for reinforcement — this naturally holds the meaning of 'sprouting.' Still, imported earth must be used to build up properly and correctly — then the root is firm and branches and leaves flourish. DRAWING A BOW: The incoming dragon's summit tilts and turns into a depression. Seek laterally for a plump protrusion, releasing and sending the dragon's left and right arms in curving arcs — like drawing a bow to shoot an arrow. The central response is clear. At the mouse-flesh point, open a shallow well to place the coffin — like fitting a straight arrow to the bow's grip. The force can reach far. The responses occupy both sides; the coffin-head must converge, the coffin-feet must diverge, borrowing the protective power of the bowstring. This is the ultimate principle. The fronting case must curve like a drawn bow for it to be auspicious — a reverse-bow is inauspicious.
The complete set of twenty-four sand burial methods covers every conceivable terrain configuration a geomancer might encounter, from gentle slopes to precipitous cliffs, from broad valleys to narrow gorges. The names are mnemonic devices that encode the spatial relationship between the incoming dragon, the acupoint, and the surrounding features.
'Mouse-flesh' (鼠肉 shǔròu): A small, subtle bulge of flesh-like terrain at the exact point where the vein delivers qi to the acupoint. Named for its resemblance to the small, rounded body of a mouse. This is the precise spot where the coffin should be placed.
'Reverse-bow' (反弓): A fronting landscape feature (water course or mountain ridge) that curves away from the acupoint rather than toward it. This is one of the most universally recognized inauspicious configurations in feng shui — the qi is deflected away rather than concentrated.
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