The Supreme Principles Governing the World

Pitch Pipes and the Pentatonic Scale

律呂五音

General Theory of the Sound System

音聲體系總論

The Times of Heaven and the Use of Sounds

天之時與用音

天之時二十四,用音一百五十二。皇星聲七十四。月音一百五十二日。之用聲一百二十二。

Heaven's times are twenty-four, using sounds [totaling] 152. The imperial star sounds are 74. The moon sound is 152 days. The use of sounds is 122.

The Division Between Tone (Yin) and Sound (Sheng)

音與聲之分

音者,聲之體也。聲者,音之用也。音從一至十二,聲從一至十二。清者高也,濁者低也。

Tone (yin) is the substance of sound. Sound (sheng) is the function of tone. Tones proceed from one to twelve; sounds proceed from one to twelve. 'Clear' (qing) means high register; 'turbid' (zhuo) means low register.

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