#45

萃

Cuì — Gathering Together

upper trigram

兌Lake (Joyful)

lower trigram

坤Earth (Yielding)

The Judgment

亨。王假有廟。利見大人。亨。利貞。用大牲吉。利有攸往。

Character-by-character gloss

萃cuìcollectedness, assembly; security
亨hēngfulfillment, satisfaction, success, completion
王wángsovereign, king, ruler
假jiǎcomes, draws near to; approaches, adopts
有yǒuhis
廟miàoancestral temple, shrine
利lìworthwhile, rewarding, productive
見jiànto see, encounter, meet with, consult
大dàmature, complete, realized, great
人rénhuman being, character, one, person, man
亨hēngmaking a, an, the offering, sacrifice
利lìworthwhile, rewarding, beneficial
貞zhēnto be persistent, loyal, dedicated, steadfast
用yòngto use, try, dedicate, perform, present, offer
大dàgreat, big, large, major, important
牲shēngsacrificial beasts, animals, livestock
吉jíis promising, auspicious, opportune, timely
利lìworthwhile, rewarding, beneficial
有yǒuto have, find, take on; if there is
攸yōusomewhere; a place, direction, purpose
往wǎngto go, move towards; in going; ahead

Modern Interpretation

Success. The king approaches his temple. It furthers one to see the great man. Persistence furthers. Great offerings bring good fortune. It furthers one to undertake something. Where people are gathered, religious forces are needed. But there must also be a human leader as the center. To bring others together, a leader must first be collected within himself. Only collective moral force can unite the world. Great times of unification leave great achievements behind them.

The Image

澤上於地,萃。君子以除戎器,戒不虞。

Character-by-character gloss

澤zélake, pool, pond, marsh
上shàngis raised, elevated, lifted, brought up
於yúupon, over, above, atop, on top of
地dìthe earth, ground, land
萃cuìcollectedness
君jūnnoble, worthy, honored
子zǐyoung one, heir, disciple
以yǐaccordingly, therefore, thus
除chúsets, puts aside, away; makes ready, caches
戎róngweapons, weaponry, arms, armaments
器qìand tools, implements, utensils, instruments
戒jièand, but takes precaution, guards, guarding against
不bùlack, want of; being without; ill-; un-
虞yúprovision, preparedness, preparation, readiness

Modern Interpretation

Over the earth, the lake—if it gathers until it rises above the earth, there's danger of breakthrough. Renew your weapons to meet the unforeseen. Where people gather, strife arises; where possessions collect, robbery occurs. Arm promptly against the unexpected. Human woes come from unexpected events against which we're not prepared. Be ready, and they can be prevented.

「澤上於地,萃。」湖水聚集在地上,如果漲得太高,有決堤的危險。人聚在一起,紛爭會來;財物聚在一起,盜賊會來。所以要整備武器,防範意外。人的禍患往往來自沒有準備的事。準備好了,就能防住。

The Six Lines

First (Bottom) Line

初六 有孚不終。乃亂乃萃。若號一握為笑。勿恤。往无咎。

有yǒubeing, holding, staying; having, finding
孚fútrue, sincere, confident, assured; trust, etc.
不bùis not, less than, never; will not be
終zhōngall, the end, whole of it; complete; finished
乃nǎiif first, now; first, now
亂luànconfused, perplexed, distracted, erratic
乃nǎiand then, next, now
萃cuìgather, pull, come together; collected
若ruòseeming, as if; like; just, much as, like
號hàoa, to call, crying out, for help; an outcry
一yīand one, a, the single
握wòhelping handclasp, held; firm grip
為wéibecomes, produces, makes for; restores
笑xiàolaughter, good humor, mirth, merriment
勿wùdo not, don't
恤xùworry, suffer; be anxious, concerned
往wǎnggo; in going; progress
無wúwithout; nothing; is not
咎jiùguilt; is wrong; a mistake, an error

Modern Interpretation

Sincere but not to the end—sometimes confusion, sometimes gathering. If you call out, one grasp of the hand from the leader turns away all distress. You waver in decision because you're in a large group and allow yourself to be influenced. Don't be led astray. Attach yourself to the leader.

Second Line

六二 引吉无咎。孚乃利用禴。

引yǐnto be led, lured, attracted, enticed, drawn by, to
吉jíis the promises, promising; opportunity, fortune
無wúno; this is not; nothing inherently
咎jiùblame; harm; wrong; a mistake, an error
孚fúbut sincerity; confidence, trust
乃nǎiis, comes before; precedes; first, and then
利lìthe real worth, merit, reward, gains
用yòngin, when offering, presenting, dedicating
禴yuèa, the modest, sparing spring sacrifice

Modern Interpretation

Letting yourself be drawn brings good fortune and remains blameless. If sincere, even a small offering suffices. Make no arbitrary choice. Secret forces lead together those who belong together. Yield to this attraction. Where inner relationships exist, no great formalities are necessary.

Third Line

六三 萃如嗟如。无攸利。往无咎。小吝。

萃cuìto congregate, gather; a congregation
如rúit seems that, like, as if; such what
嗟jiēa lamentation, complaint; complaints
如rúis like, about, the same as; and such, what
無wúthis is no, not; this lacks, has no
攸yōudirection, purpose; an aim, orientation
利lìwith merit, of value, with rewards
往wǎngto go, proceed, continue on, thus, in this
無wúis not; will, would not be
咎jiùblameworthy, harmful, wrong; a mistake
小xiǎobut a little, small, slight, minor
吝lìnembarrassment, humiliation; shameful

Modern Interpretation

Gathering together amid sighs. Nothing furthers. Going is without blame. Slight humiliation. You want to unite but others have already formed a group—you remain isolated. Ally yourself resolutely with someone nearer the center who can help gain admission. Somewhat humiliating, but not a mistake.

Fourth Line

九四 大吉无咎。

大dàmuch, great, major; full of, a lot of
吉jípromise, hope, opportunity, happiness
無wúno; not; nothing; without, with no; avoid
咎jiùblame; is wrong; a mistake, an error

Modern Interpretation

Great good fortune. No blame. Gathering people in the name of your ruler, not striving for personal advantage, working unselfishly for general unity. Success; everything as it should be.

Fifth Line

九五 萃有位。无咎匪孚。元永貞。悔亡。

萃cuìassemble, convene; pull, bringing together
有yǒuwith, has, finds, takes; assumes, presumes
位wèiplace, position, attitude, dignity, stature
無wúno; this is not; nothing
咎jiùblameworthy; is wrong; a mistake
匪fěibut to be without, no; an absence of
孚fúassurance, confidence, trust, conviction
元yuánmeans an extremely, supremely, a most
永yǒngprolonged, enduring, constant, sustained
貞zhēnpersistence, determination, resolve, focus
悔huǐbut, though regrets, remorse
亡wángwill pass, disappear, dissolves

Modern Interpretation

Having position in the gathering brings no blame. If some are not yet sincere, sublime and enduring persistence is needed. Then remorse disappears. Some gather around you not from confidence but merely because of your influential position. Deal with them by gaining their confidence through steadfastness and intensified devotion to duty. Secret mistrust is gradually overcome.

Sixth (Top) Line

上六 齎咨涕洟。无咎。

齎jīoffer up, give, grant, bestow, furnishing
咨zīcounsel, proposals, plans, reports, advice
涕tìbut, while weeping, sobbing, crying
洟yíand sniveling, sniffling, nasal mucus
無wúbut, yet no; not, nothing; no harm is done
咎jiùblame; is wrong; harm

Modern Interpretation

Lamenting and sighing, floods of tears. No blame. You would like to ally yourself with another but your good intentions are misunderstood. This is the right course—it may cause the other to come to their senses, achieving the alliance painfully missed.

林

Yilin Verse

From the Forest of Changes (焦氏易林) — 萃 Cuì (Gathering)

蒙慶受福,有所獲得。不利出城,病人困棘。

Receiving blessings and fortune, there are gains to be had. Yet it is ill to venture beyond the walls; the sick man is trapped among thorns.

Full explanation

Lake upon earth remains lake upon earth, Gathering unchanged. Blessed with grace and receiving fortune, there is something gained. But it is not favorable to leave the city walls; the sick person is trapped in thorns. The verse splits cleanly between inside and outside: within the gathered space, blessings arrive; beyond its walls, danger waits. The sick person's predicament intensifies this: illness pins one to a place even as the place itself becomes confining rather than protecting. From Gathering to itself, the transformation is stasis. The community sustains those within but cannot extend its protection beyond its own boundaries. What gathers here cannot be exported, and those who need to move find themselves held fast by the very forces that should help them.

Masterpiece

A work of art reflecting this hexagram's essence

Peasant Wedding by Bruegel

Peasant Wedding

Bruegel, 1567

Bruegel painted this scene of a Flemish peasant wedding feast in a barn. The crowd gathers around the bride (under the paper crown) as servers carry platters and a bagpiper waits to play. The communal gathering around shared food and celebration connects to hexagram 45's theme of gathering together.

Wilhelm Commentary

Richard Wilhelm's classic translation and interpretation

The Judgment

The gathering together of people in large communities is either a natural occurrence, as in the case of the family, or an artificial one, as in the case of the state. The family gathers about the father as its head. The perpetuation of this gathering in groups is achieved through the sacrifice to the ancestors, at which the whole clan is gathered together. Through the collective piety of the living members of the family, the ancestors become so integrated in the spiritual life of the family that it cannot be dispersed or dissolved. Where men are to be gathered together, religious forces are needed. But there must also be a human leader to serve as the center of the group. In order to be able to bring others together, this leader must first of all be collected within himself. Only collective moral force can unite the world. Such great times of unification will leave great achievements behind them. This is the significance of the great offerings that are made. In the secular sphere likewise there is need of great deeds in the time of GATHERING TOGETHER.

The Image

If the water in the lake gathers until it rises above the earth, there is danger of a break-through. Precautions must be taken to prevent this. Similarly where men gather together in great numbers, strife is likely to arise; where possessions are collected, robbery is likely to occur. Thus in the time of GATHERING TOGETHER we must arm promptly to ward off the unexpected. Human woes usually come as a result of unexpected events against which we are not forearmed. If we are prepared, they can be prevented.

First (Bottom) Line

The situation is this: People desire to gather around a leader to whom they look up. But they are in a large group, by which they allow themselves to be influenced, so that they waver in their decision. Thus they lack a firm center around which to gather. But if expression is given to this need, and if they call for help, one grasp of the hand from the leader is enough to turn away all distress. Therefore they must not allow themselves to be led astray. It is undoubtedly right that they should attach themselves to this leader.

Second Line

In the time of GATHERING TOGETHER, we should make no arbitrary choice of the way. There are secret forces at work, leading together those who belong together. We must yield to this attraction; then we make no mistakes. Where inner relationships exist, no great preparations and formalities are necessary. People understand one another forthwith, just as the Divinity graciously accepts a small offering if it comes from the heart.

Third Line

Often a man feels an urge to unite with others, but the individuals around him have already formed themselves into a group, so that he remains isolated. The whole situation proves untenable. Then he ought to choose the way of progress, resolutely allying himself with a man who stands nearer to the center of the group, and can help him to gain admission to the closed circle. This is not a mistake, even though at first his position as an outsider is somewhat humiliating.

Fourth Line

This describes a man who gathers people around him in the name of his ruler. Since he is not striving for any special advantages for himself but is working unselfishly to bring about general unity, his work is crowned with success, and everything becomes as it should be.

Fifth Line

When people spontaneously gather around a man, it is only a good. It gives him a certain influence that can be altogether useful. But of course there is also the possibility that many may gather around him not because of a feeling of confidence but merely because of his influential position. This is certainly to be regretted. The only means of dealing with such people is to gain their confidence through steadfastness and intensified, unswerving devotion to duty. In this way secret mistrust will gradually be overcome, and there will be no occasion for regret.

Sixth (Top) Line

It may happen that an individual would like to ally himself with another, but his good intentions are misunderstood. Then he becomes sad and laments. But this is the right course. For it may cause the other person to come to his senses, so that the alliance that has been sought and so painfully missed is after all achieved.