Xùn — The Gentle

Modern Interpretation

Success through what is small. It furthers one to have somewhere to go. It furthers one to see the great man. Penetration produces gradual and inconspicuous effects—not by an act of violation but by influence that never lapses. Results of this kind are less striking than those won by surprise attack, but more enduring and more complete. To produce such effects, you must have a clearly defined goal. Only when influence works always in the same direction can the object be attained. Small strength can achieve its purpose only by subordinating itself to an eminent person capable of creating order.

Modern Interpretation

Winds following one upon another. Spread commands abroad and carry out undertakings. The penetrating quality of wind depends upon its ceaselessness—this is what makes it powerful; time is its instrument. In the same way, a ruler's thought should penetrate the soul of the people. This too requires lasting influence through enlightenment and command. Only when the command has been assimilated is action in accordance with it possible. Action without preparation only frightens and repels.

「隨風，巽。」風接著風，一陣又一陣。君子用這個道理來傳達命令、執行事務。但我想，重點不是命令本身，而是那種滲透——你說的話，要讓人吸收進去，才有意義。急躁的話語往往只會嚇跑人。

Pine and cypress on Wen Mountain; ever flourishing, never falling. Phoenix and luan find shelter there; gaining their joy and delight.

Constable made dozens of cloud studies in Hampstead Heath to understand atmospheric phenomena scientifically. This oil sketch depicts wind's invisible movement shaping clouds through gradual, continuous pressure. The Gentle (Sun) represents subtle penetration—air currents slowly forming and reforming vapors without force.

The Judgment

Penetration produces gradual and inconspicuous effects. It should be effected not by an act of violation but by influence that never lapses. Results of this kind are less striking to the eye than those won by surprise attack, but they are more enduring and more complete. If one would produce such effects, one must have a clearly defined goal, for only when the penetrating influence works always in the same direction can the object be attained. Small strength can achieve its purpose only by subordinating itself to an eminent man who is capable of creating order.

The Image

The penetrating quality of the wind depends upon its ceaselessness. This is what makes it so powerful; time is its instrument. In the same way the ruler's thought should penetrate the soul of the people. This too requires a lasting influence brought about by enlightenment and command. Only when the command has been assimilated by the people is action in accordance with it possible. Action without preparation of the ground only frightens and repels.

First (Bottom) Line

Inborn gentleness is often carried to the point of indecisiveness. One does not feel strong enough to advance resolutely. A thousand doubts crop up; one is, however, not minded to withdraw but drifts indecisively to and fro. In such a situation, a military decisiveness is the proper thing, so that one resolutely does what order demands. Resolute discipline is far better than irresolute license.

Second Line

At times one has to deal with hidden enemies, intangible influences that slink into dark corners and from this hiding affect people by suggestion. In instances like this, it is necessary to trace these things back to the most secret recesses, in order to determine the nature of the influences to be dealt with. This is the task of the priests; removing the influences is the task of the magicians. The very anonymity of such plotting requires an especially vigorous and indefatigable effort, but this is well worth while. For when such elusive influences are brought into the light and branded, they lose their power over people.

Third Line

Penetrating reflection must not be pushed too far, lest it cripple the power of decision. After a matter has been thoroughly pondered, it is essential to form a decision and to act. Repeated deliberation brings fresh doubts and scruples, and thereby humiliation, because one shows oneself unable to act.

Fourth Line

When a responsible position and accumulated experience lead one to combine innate modesty with energetic action, great success is assured. The three kinds of animals referred to served for offerings to the gods, for feasting guests, and for everyday consumption. When the catch answered all three purposes, the hunt was considered especially successful.

Fifth Line

In the situation described in Ku, WORK ON WHAT HAS BEEN SPOILED (18), an entirely new point of departure must be set up, whereas here it is only a question of reforms. The beginning has not been good, but the moment has been reached when a new direction can be taken. Change and improvement are called for. Such steps must be undertaken with steadfastness, that is, with a firm and correct attitude of mind; then they will succeed, and remorse will disappear. But it must be remembered that such improvements require careful consideration. Before a change is made, it must be pondered over again and again. After the change is made, it is necessary to note carefully for some time after how the improvements bear the test of actuality. Such careful work is accompanied by good fortune.

Sixth (Top) Line

A man's understanding is sufficiently penetrating. He follows up injurious influences into the most secret corners. But he no longer has the strength to combat them decisively. In this case any attempt to penetrate into the personal domain of darkness would only bring harm.